Psychological Aspects of Cybersecurity

Psychological Aspects of Cybersecurity Human Factors, Threats, Culture and Liability: Psychological Aspects of Cybersecurity Introduction In today’s society, cyber intrusion and attacks is becoming more prevalent. No one really knows the motivation behind such attacks. In some cases, it may be psychological and in others it could be a way to attain an adrenaline rush by invading a high-level security system. While cyber attacks has increased, our nation is putting execution actions in place to safeguard our critical infrastructure. With all of that being said, Congress has a responsibility to the people/nation to protect and secure their freedom. Cyber attacks are malicious acts that target information systems, infrastructures, and computer networks. Normally, the sources of the attack are unknown and the reasons of the attack are unclear. In many cases, the attacks are labeled as cyber warfare or cyber terrorism. In the same fashion, the people who commit these crimes are described as communist, cyber terrorist, and black hat etc. However, when Congress is the focus of the attack normally the target of attack is our infrastructure. Descriptive Labels Applied to Cybercrime The descriptive label that would be applied to cybercrime is data security breach or cyber terrorism. Further explanation of â€Å"Data Security Breach Notification Act 2012, mandates that companies have reasonable security measures to protect personal information and establish a uniform breach notification law (S. 3333 (112th): Data Security and Breach Notification Act of 2012, 2012).† Cyber terrorism is when a computer is used as the weapon for attack. In some cases you will find that cyber terrorism is the way to seek revenge or used as a method to intimidate or coerce one. An example of a cyber-terrorism perhaps could be hacking into aircrafts system and changing the coordinates of the flight. In 1996, President Bill Clinton created a Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection. Congress new that the nation was at risk of cyber attacks. Therefore, to heighten awareness and maintain economic stability the board felt it was necessary to protect critical infrastructure. This was a mixture of electricity, computer networks, communication etc.; because all of these elements were vulnerable of cyber-warfare. With this in mind, the government was also thinking of protecting the public and private industries from such attacks. They were completely oblivious of the dangers how much or daily lives rely on computers. Notwithstanding the dangers and vulnerabilities they subjects themselves to when using the computer. Another issue is finding out who are the perpetrators and how the attack were initiated. The board felt it would be most helpful if they adequately protected critical system from intrusion. That meant ensuring the proper firewalls were enabled and the system was bein g monitored (http://csciwww.etsu.edu/gotterbarn/stdntppr/). Threat Factors In reality, if the United States Infrastructure comes under attack the enemy could cripple our defenses depending on how sophisticated the attacker is. The possible intent behind attacking our infrastructure, would be to target our water supply, transportation, telecommunication, energy, and last but not least finance. Our way of living depends on critical infrastructure; if we were to lose these vital roles we would be vulnerable to the enemy. These operations are important and we have become dependent on these networks. The lost of electricity, telecommunications, transportation, energy, and water would render us helpless. Such an attack would disrupt our day-to-day life and cause mass panic and fear. Therefore, in order to prevent such an act from occurring, Congress has created a new executive branch to merge 22 government agencies that were already in existence. The goal was to secure the nation and preserve freedom. In addition, have the ability to fence off attacks and be prep ared for unexpected disasters. To accomplish this task, the Department of Homeland Security had to unify the department in order to strengthen the components. Policy tells us that through partnership with other departments and operators of critical infrastructure would improve cyber security sharing information, which is ideal for the nation. Water Supply Attacking the water supply would be the most critical attack on the infrastructure. The water supply is controlled by computer systems, which is why it poses the most security risk. If the enemy was able to bypass the security features, they could release large amounts of water in any particular area. Destruction of large dams could unleash large amounts of water resulting in catastrophic flooding, loss of life and damage to property. Another vulnerability would be the sewer system. The sewage system protects public health and the environment; while providing a series of treatment that clean the water supply. Raw sewage has harmful bacteria and viruses that could be life threatening to human or animas if exposed to it. â€Å"Bioterrorism or chemical attacks could deliver widespread contamination with small amounts of microbiological agents or toxic chemicals could endanger public health (Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector, 2006 ).† (http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/68790.pdf).† Energy The second most important infrastructure that could be attacked is energy. Energy is described in two separate classifications one being electricity and the other being natural gas. Electricity is used in everywhere i.e. houses, cities and regions. It is needed for day-to-day living such usage of machines and life saving mechanisms. For example, cyber terrorist has the ability to gain access to daily power report data. The report shows the flow of electricity in different regions. As a result, a cyber terrorist would have the ability to know what the busiest sections of the grid were. It is important to realize with this information they could shut down the power gird at the busiest time of the day and cause hysteria, backflow, and confusion. Without power the United States, defenses are down. â€Å"There have been incidents or credible intelligence to indicate that a potentially well organized, disruptive cyber attack is imminent against the electrical utility industry in general or BPA specifically, or Terrorist activity, either physical or cyber, has been perpetrated against civilian or government sites within the boundaries of the United States†¦ (Threat Conditions, n.d.).† http://info.bpa.gov/Emergency/ThreatConditions.aspx Not only is electricity important to infrastructure but natural gas is too. Cyber terrorist can halt the use or redirect gas flows. Keeping the energy a float is important for maintaining the safety and economic success in the United States. The White House Initiative has an Executive order, which is led by the Department of Energy and the Department of Homeland Security. Their job is to ensure electric companies and grid operators have working knowledge of cyber security potentials and prioritize their actions and investments to improve cyber security. In addition their â€Å"industry stakeholders in the energy sector, are also contributing to the development of the Cyber security Framework, which was announced as part of Executive Order 13636 on â€Å"Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity. (http://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-new-investments-over-30-million-better-protect-nation-s).† Transportation A disturbance in the transportation system would cause a chain of economic disruption. By interfering with transportation it hinder citizens and would progressively degrade the economy over time span. It would impede on scheduling as well as accessibility. In like manner, these methods would have a negative impact on cargo being transported from place to place. Moreover, cyber terrorist can target railroad operations by taking controls of the switches, additional they could take over flight software to divert aircraft. Sapphire or Slammer worm spread quickly through the Internet attacking millions of computers and overwhelming them with data due to a flaw in a Microsoft program. (CONSUMER PRIVACY DEVELOPMENTS, n.d.).† Transportation is important to critical infrastructure. In order to maintain a since of balance, proactive measures must be in place to strengthen and secure critical infrastructure. It is important to have the necessary assets including but not limited to networks and public confidence. Needless to say, the infrastructure must be secure in order to withstand and promptly recoup from an attack. Finance Telecommunication Company Liabilities Reducing vulnerabilities through effective internal cybersecurity policy controls Conclusion The threat of cyber crime has risen in the United States. Congress is having more debates on the nations ‘s cyber security, terrorism, and breaches within our national systems. It was said by the â€Å"******* that we were in trouble because cyber attacks have resulted in the greatest transfer of wealth in history. (*****).† Although, Legislation have been proposed to govern the laws the bills have not been enacted. This is mainly due to the fact; the government and private industries have issues with the federal data security bills. Currently, the United States has a cyber security Executive Order in place. The purpose for this order, is to protect their United States from cyber contusion and the attacks against the nations critical infrastructure. A threat to the infrastructure is major to national security. Our nation relies on the infrastructure to keep the mainframe secure and efficient against intrusion. As stated earlier, cyber attacks are becoming more vigilant therefore, the government had to make changes to the executive branch. In 2002, a new executive department was put into place called the Homeland Security Act. Homeland Security Act 2002, was created to â€Å" prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism; and minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States. (Homeland Security Act of 2002) References Anonymous. (2011). Data breach and electronic crime: the Sonys case. Retrieved from gcsec.org: http://www.gcsec.org/blog/data-breach-and-electronic-crime-sonys-case Anonymous. (2013). Managing CyberSecurity Risk. Retrieved from Protiviti: http://www.protiviti.com/en-US/Documents/Newsletters/Board-Perspectives/Board-Perspectives-Risk-Oversight-Issue44-Managing-Cybersecurity-Risk-Protiviti.pdf Anonymous. (n.d). About Sony Electronics Life at Sony. Retrieved from http://discover.store.sony.com/: http://discover.store.sony.com/sonyjobs/pages/about/life.html Anonymous. (n.d). Corporate Mission. Retrieved from neimanmarcus: http://www.neimanmarcuscareers.com/story/mission.shtml Anonymous. (n.d). Mission Values. Retrieved from About Target: https://corporate.target.com/about/mission-values Anonymous. (n.d). Throught the Years. Retrieved from Target.com : https://corporate.target.com/about/history Aspan, M. (2011). Citi says 360,000 accounts hacked in May cyber attack. Retrieved November 23, 2011, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/16/us-citigroup-hacking-idUSTRE75F17620110616 Bavisi, S. (2009). Penetration Testing. In Vacca, J. R. (Ed.), Computer and information security handbook. Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Bodhani, A. (2013). Bad†¦In a Good Way. Engineering Technology, 7(12), p64-68. Campbell, Q., Kennedy, D.M. (2009). The psychology of computer criminals. In Bosworth, et al., (Eds.), Computer security handbook. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Chen, C.; Shaw, R.; Yang, S. (2006). Mitigating information security risks by increasing user security awareness: A case study of an information security awareness system. Information Technology, Learning Performance Journal, 24(1), p1-14. Chen, T.; Walsh, P. (2009). Guarding Against Network Intrusions. In Vacca, J. R. (Ed.), Computer and information security handbook. Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. DATALOSSdb Open Security Foundation (2014). Data Loss Statistics. Retrieved from http://datalossdb.org/statistics Dittrich, D., Himma, K.E. (2006). Hackers, crackers and computer criminals. In H. Bidgoli (Ed.), Handbook of information security (Vol 2). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Elgin, B., Lawrence, D., Riley , M. (2014, February 21). Neiman Marcus Hackers Set Off 60,000 Alerts While Bagging Credit Card Data. Retrieved from businessweek.com: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-21/neiman-marcus-hackers-set-off-60-000-alerts-while-bagging-credit-card-data Ethical Issues. (2013). Retrieved from http://cps182cyber-crime.wordpress.com/ethical-issues/ Finklea, K.M., Theohary, C.A. (2012). Cyber-crime: Conceptual issues for congress and U.S. law enforcement. Journal of Current Issues in Crime, Law and Law Enforcement. 5 (1/2), 1-27. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/detail?vid=3sid=79df209d-d6a2-4fd7-9761-f40b899a23e1%40sessionmgr4002hid=4209bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=i3hAN=88850916 Frizell, S. (2014, January 29). Holder: Feds Investigating Target Breach. Retrieved from Time.com: http://business.time.com/2014/01/29/feds-investigation-target-security/ Germano, S. (2013, December 27). Target’s Data-Breach Timeline. Retrieved from Wall Street Journal: http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/12/27/targets-data-breach-timeline/ Goldman, G. (2011). Mass e-mail breach: Just how bad is it? Retrieved November 23, 2011, from http://money.cnn.com/2011/04/06/technology/epsilon_breach/index.htm Harris, E. A., Perlroth, N., Popper, N. (2014, January 23). Neiman Marcus Data Breach Worse Than First Said. Retrieved from New YOrk Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/business/neiman-marcus-breach-affected-1-1-million-cards.html Hassan, A.B., Lass, F.D., Makinde, J. (2012). Cyber-crime in Nigeria: Causes, effects and the way out. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology. 2(7), 626-631. Retrieved from http://www.ejournalofscience.org/archive/vol2no7/vol2no7_11.pdf Heavey, S., Finkle, J. (2014, March 13). Target says it declined to act on early alert of cyber breach. Retrieved from Reuters. Com: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/us-target-breach-idUSBREA2C14F20140313 ITU. (2012). Understanding cyber-crime: Phenomena, challenges and legal response. Retrieved from www.itu.int/ITU-D//cybersecurity//Cyber-crime%20legislation%20EV6. pdf Kaiser, D. (2007). Insurance options vary as much as cyber attacks. Business Insurance, 41(21), 24. Katz, K. (2014, February 21). Security info. Retrieved from www.neimanmarcus.com: http://www.neimanmarcus.com/NM/Security-Info/cat49570732/c.cat?icid=topPromo_hmpg_ticker_SecurityInfo_0114 Krebs, B. (2014, 02 14). Target Hackers Broke in Via HVAC Company. Retrieved from krebsonsecurity.com: http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/02/target-hackers-broke-in-via-hvac-company/ Lewis, J. (2013). Raising the Bar for Cybersecurity. Center for Strategic International Studies. Retrieved from http://csis.org/files/publication/130212_Lewis_RaisingBarCybersecurity.pdf Mansoor, B. (2009). Intranet Security. In Vacca, J. R. (Ed.), Computer and information security handbook. Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. McAfee (2014). McAfee Labs Threats Report: Fourth Quarter 2013. McAfee Labs. Retrieved from http://www.mcafee.com/us/resources/reports/rp-quarterly-threat-q4-2013.pdf Metz, C. (2005). identity theft is out of control. (cover story). PC Magazine, 24(14), 87 Sales, N. (2013). REGULATING CYBER-SECURITY. Northwestern University Law Review, 107(4), 1503-1568. Shackleford, D. (2013). New Pathways to Network Security. Information Security, 15(6), p10-15. Sherr, I., Wingfield, N. (2012, May 7). Play by Play: Sonys Struggles on Breach. Retrieved from Wall Street Journal : http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704810504576307322759299038 Warner, J. (2011). Understanding cyber-crime in Ghana: A view from below. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 5(1), 736-749. Retrieved from http://www.cyber-crimejournal.com/warner2011ijcc.pdf Waugh, D. (2001). Computer crime and ethics. Retrieved from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/woofy/ethics/ethics.pdf Williams, M. (2011, May 01). PlayStation Network Hack Timeline. Retrieved from pcworld.com: http://www.pcworld.com/article/226802/playstation_network_hack_timeline.html Wolf, J., Maclean, W. (2011). IMF cyber attack aimed to steal insider information: Expert. 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Fahrenheit 451- Pleaseantville Essay

In the film Pleasantville and Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 the two controlled worlds are similar in the way their societies are ruled. Everyone living in the two stories is oblivious to individuality and how unique is not even a word that is used in speech in either. However this is all they know, and they’re not in control; no one has a mind of their own. In Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 and the film Pleasantville, the theme of control is presented through dehumanization, collective loss of memory and mastery of nature. Both of these stories display extreme dehumanization. In the text of Fahrenheit 451 regard to human life is very low. Technology controls their life. In the example form Fahrenheit 451 when Montag asks, â€Å"Mildred, will you turn the parlor off? And she replies with â€Å"That’s my family†(Bradbury pg. 46). This shows that Mildred is attached and the technology or parlor is somewhat in control. This theme of technology controlling your life is also present in the film Pleasantville. Bud and Mary Sue’s life all depends on the controller. This is because it is the only way that it got them in the show and the only way it can get them out. Don’t let technology control your life! Collective memory loss is seen in both these stories majorly. For example in Fahrenheit 451 when Clarisse and Montag are walking and talking and she says â€Å"Strange, I heard once that a long time ago houses used to burn by accident and they needed firemen to stop the flames†(pg. 6). This is Clarisse forgetting what firemen are really supposed to do, fight fires. Collective memory loss is also seen in Pleasantville when a fire has broken out outside Bud and Mary Sues house and they call the firemen. First of all in order to get the firemen to come they had to say there was a cat stuck in a tree because when bud yelled, â€Å"FIRE! † none of them even reacted. Then when the firemen had got there, there wasn’t even a response from any of them about the fire and they didn’t even know how to use their hoses. Collective memory loss can really change the way you live and it’s surprising how much you can really forget. Governmental control of citizenry and has complete control over you. In the example when the TVs or the government says â€Å"Police suggest the entire population in the Elm Terrace area do as follows: everyone in every house on every street open a front or a rear door of look through the windows. The fugitive cannot escape if everyone in the next minute looks from his house†(pg. 131-132). When this shows up on the screens everyone can see it because everyone is watching TV and they all listen. In Pleasantville when George and Bud make the painting and are being individual they tell them they cannot do that and cannot paint. They even have a set of rules written out when people are being different so they no longer can. In both Pleasantville and Fahrenheit 451 through the mastery of nature and collective loss of memory The theme of control as presented in these two stories is thankfully not what we experience. However, some people experience life like this and are very controlled in everything that they do. I’m very glad that I live where I live and when I live because if even one of those was changed my life could be so different.

Rape Psychopathology, Theory And Treatment Essay

Rape: Psychopathology, theory and treatment Gannon, T. A., Collie, R. M., Ward, T., Thakker, J. (2008). Rape: Psychopathology, theory and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(6), 982+. Retrieved from http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=PPCJsw=wu=mlin_n_umassv=2.1it=rid=GALE%7CA180235134asid=3c616fbc8211e513b96e006b8f8dffd4 Studies have shown that many rapists have undergone some sort of abuse, whether it be sexual, physical, or verbal in their family environments which left them with the inability to create secure attachments in childhood. According to the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development Todd, B. (2006). Secure attachment. In G. Davey, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of psychology. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. Retrieved from http://libproxy.uml.edu/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/hodderdpsyc/secure_attachment/0 Forming of secure attachments in childhood is vital to the foundation for â€Å"for confident exploration of the environment, so enhancing the potential for cognitive as well as emotional and social development.† In the future, these attachment deficits can lead to lack of ability to form a healthy intimate relationship which can create problems that lead that person towards sexual offending In comparison to other deviant groups such as child molesters who experience much of their abuse from a maternal figure, it has been found that many rapists have their abuse stemming fromShow MoreRelated Caregivers Behavior Contributes to Offspring Behavior1143 Words   |  5 Pagesmake society safer. Research conducted on treatment of psychopaths suggests that there may be little wrong with psychopaths for therapy to fix. 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The Societies Portrayed By Machiavelli And Shakespeare

In the societies portrayed by Machiavelli and Shakespeare there are particular groups of people who rule. A powerful group could be the majority of the population or simply a ruler that was appointed or somehow got himself or herself in the position. These ruling groups get to decide how the country/territory will be doctrine, depending on the individual’s beliefs. These powerful group of people also get to determine what the laws will be and how they will enacted justice over the people they rule. Justice in this sense can be how laws are interpreted, or treatment of a people. Justice will be swayed in some way of form, depending on how every the leader or leaders see fit, and they usually always use it to benefit themselves. The individuals that have the most power in a society determine what justice is, in order to benefit themselves; this is depicted by the individuals in The Prince and Merchant of Venice. According to Machiavelli, princes must exert a certain level of justice in order to acquire and maintain control over their principality. In The Prince, it is clear that the princes have the most power in the society and can determine what is right and wrong. In the text when a new found prince is establishing his empire he must enact Machiavelli’s view of justice to people who might disrupt his rule. For example, The Prince states, â€Å"that the bloodline of their ancient princes be eliminated† (Machiavelli, 1998: 9). The author insists on the death of the previousShow MoreRelatedA Connection to Real Life Events; King Henry V 1450 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever read a book that made you contemplate how it would pertain to your life or someone else’s life? Certainly, after reading the play titled King Henry V originally written by William Shakespeare and edited by Andrew Gurr, I concluded that certain situations in this book correspond to several aspects in this world. 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Changes and Upgrades to Roads and Public Places to Suit...

Introduction â€Å"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Americans aged 65 and older account for 13 percent of the total population. This group increased by two percent each year between 2001 and 2009. And estimates show that the number of older Americans will only increase, with the first wave of Baby Boomers turning 65 in 2011. Over the next 15 years, America’s population aged 65 and older is projected to grow by another 60 percent. Currently, 16 percent of the nation’s drivers are 65 or older, up from 14 percent in 2000. Projections show that one in every five drivers will be 65 or older by 2025.† (AASHTO (2012)) Figure 1: Age Distribution and Median Age: 1960 to 2010 (Taken From ACRP 2014) As seen in the paragraph and figure above there are many Americans that are older than the age of 65 and in a few more years there will be even more that are still driving. Not only is it very difficult to drive at an older age but it is very difficult for elderly people to travel in general when their mobility is not as well as it was in the past. This paper will explain the policies, standards and strategies our country is using to help ensure elderly people will be able to travel by cars, planes, and any other form of transportation that can be offered to them. â€Å"While older men drive more than women of the same age, the gap is narrowing as older women remain more mobile. 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Oncology and Social Media Free Essays

LIVESTRONG, an organization created by one of the worlds best cyclists, Lance Armstrong, and cancer survivor, Doug Ulman, has been highly successful in raising awareness and helping the cause against cancer over the past years. Not only has the organization touched the lives of millions of people, but it also has raised millions of dollars to fund the fight against this worldwide disease. The foundation fights to improve the lives of people affected by cancer and works in two areas: One by directly supporting survivors(people facing cancer and their family) and the other is by creating a global movement to battle the disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Oncology and Social Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the organization is relatively small with fewer than 90 employees based in one city, it has grown to be highly respected; yet CEO Doug Ulman is still faced with some tough questions concerning the growth and future of the organization and how they can best leverage their brand. It would be recommended that in order to keep promoting and raising awareness for LIVESTRONG’s events and cancer activism, they should really emphasize and continue to take advantage of social media such as Twitter, Facebook, blogs, websites, etc. , because they provide a inexpensive, effective and broad way of marketing. Through these mediums of social media, they could answer questions, promote stories of cancer survivors, and provide a community for not only survivors but their families as well. They should also set up more events providing people with more personal experiences, such as mixers where people affected by cancer could gather, share their stories and meet face to face with others. Doug Ulman should also consider that if his goal is to create a national organization, advocating for people affected by cancer, that he may need expand offices to other places in the world, as currently they only have one located in Texas. If he isn’t willing to do so and wants to keep his company small, he should then look into the possibility of having more relations with local, existing cancer activism groups in other places of the world. Provided the craze that LIVESTRONG wrist bands caused in the world, proving to be a simple, inexpensive band that created a community across all geographical, racial and age lines, they should continue to fundraise through more fashion products like so (T-shirts, sweaters, shorts, shoes, etc. ). The wristbands not only sold more than 85 million, but they also were a way for everyday people to be philanthropists and donate an affordable amount of money and in return be able to show and feel like they are apart of the community of cancer survivors through a fashion item. However LIVESTRONG should recognize that one of the negatives of this whole campaign was that some people started purchasing the wristband for fashion purposes, instead of for the cause. To solve this problem with future items such as T-shirts, shorts, sweaters, etc. they could promote the main goal of the organization and make known to consumers what they were contributing to in buying LIVESTRONG products, possibly by adding tags on the article explaining this. Another concern Doug Ulman should have is that surrounding the doping allegations and multiple drug tests against Lance Armstrong, who is LIVESTRONG’s face and only â€Å"poster boy† for the organization. He should be worried of what woul d happen if these allegations turned out to be true, and how that would affect Armstrong’s reputation, which would reflect directly back on the LIVESTRONG brand. To relieve the possibility of this happening, Ulman should consider using everyday survivors to promote the brand, someone who is relatable to the common public and isn’t necessarily a celebrity such as Lance is. In doing so, people would be buying and supporting for the organization, and survivors, not just for Lance Armstrong. People would also be able to share their stories, and compare their experiences with cancer to others. Finally, in questioning whether LIVESTRONG should continue on its partnership with Nike or if they should breakaway and do their own thing, dropping Nike would be to risky of a move to make. Not only is Nike a highly reputable brand, but it also provides LIVESTRONG with someone who can produce and market their products, which brings in a considerable amount of revenue for the LIVESTRONG foundation. In dropping Nike, they would have to find another way to produce and promote these products, which would cause more problems than benefits. They can also use Nike to sponsor sporting events like the Tour De France, where all the bikers wore a yellow LIVESTRONG shirt, promoting their organization. With cancer being the second most common cause of death in the US, it is expected that almost everybody in the country knows someone who has been affected by this tragic disease, and thus the strength of the community helping those affected should continue to grow. By using the power of social media, their sponsors, events, taking advantage of the LIVESTRONG brand, looking into expanding offices into other parts of the world and by using everyday local survivors to promote their brand, Doug Ulman should expect his organization to continue to grow and help raise awareness and support for cancer not only locally, but worldwide. How to cite Oncology and Social Media, Papers

Informative Bulimia Essay Example For Students

Informative Bulimia Essay Specific purpose: I want my audience to understand what bulimia is. Organizational pattern: Cause-effect IntroductionI. Attention statement: Nearly half of Americans personally know someone with aneating disorder such as bulimia, according to a recent survey of 1,264 adults, in the NewYork Times, by Zogby, published Friday July seventh. In addition the poll states that college graduates are more likely to know someone with an eating disorder (Zogby). II. Orientation phase point: I am going to tell you what is bulimia, signs/side affects andtreatments. Adaptation: Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person eats an abnormally largeamount of food (which is a binge), and then tries to prevent the weight gain by purging. Some examples of purging are: vomiting (most common), waterpills, laxatives, fasting oreven excessive exercising. According to the 1990 book, titled Eating Habits andDisorders, written by Rachel Epstein. Credibility : Bulimia is difficult to detect in someone you know. This is because many ofthe bulimics remain at normal body weight or even above normal weight. This is due totheir frequent binges on food. Binges can range from one or two times a week to manytimes a day. Enumerated preview: My object today is for you to understand bulimia and to be able foryou to receive information that could maybe help you out some day. First I will tell youthe causes, then the signs/side affects, and treatments. Transitions: To begin with I would like to tell you that there are many factors thatcontribute to bulimia but the exact cause is unknown. BODYIII. Suffers of bulimia binge and purge for a variety of reasons. A. Bulimia usually starts in the teen or early adult years and is far more commonin females than in males. The illness may be constant or it may get better andworse over a period of many years. Usually bingeing alternates with periods ofnormal eating and /or fasting. In severe cases there may be periods of bingeingand fasting with no periods of normal eating. Web page, Fact Sheet: BulimiaNervosa, Yahoo.com, 1996B. The onset of bulimia may be associated with stressful life events, which are notrelated to the persons concern about body image or weight. For example adomestic argument, illness or death in the family, the stress of examinations,exchange in job, break down of a relationship, divorce, or even pregnancy mayprecipitate the first eating-binge, from Eating Disorders: The Facts, by SuzanneAbraham and Derek Llwewllyn-Jones, 1992, page 104. C. Many of the bulimics binge only to be able to purge themselves afterward-it isthe purge, in fact, that offers these people the most relief for their emotionaldistress (Epstein 66). Transition: Now you know what some of the causes of bulimia are, I will discuss some ofthe behavioral and physiological signs and side affects A. Behavioral signs and side affects: Bingeing. Secretive eating, evidenced by missing food. Preoccupation with andconstant talk about food and/or weight. The avoidance of restaurants, plannedmeals, or social events if food is present. Self-disarrangement when too much hasbeen eaten. Bathroom visits after meals. Purging at least twice a week for aminimum of 3 months. Laxative, enema, diuretics abuse, or fasting. Rigid andharsh exercise regimes. Notice of feeling out of control. B. Physiological signs and affects:Swollen glands, puffiness in the cheeks, or broken blood vessels under the eyes. Complaints of sore throats. Complaints of fatigue and muscle ache. Unexplainedtooth decay. Frequent weight fluctuations, often within a ten to fifteen poundrange. Dehydration. Electrolyte imbalances. Low sodium and potassium levels. Liver and Kidney damage. Constipation. Salivary-gland inflammation andswelling(a chimpmunk face). Severe bowel abnormalities. Distorted skin onindex and middle fingers. Internal bleeding from vomiting. Ulcers of the stomachand/or esophagus from vomiting . Lacerations of the esophagus. Hearthpalpitations. Heart attack. Death. Signs and side affects from Bulimia nervosa emailprotected, Complete Guide toSymptoms, Illness Surgery, H. Winter Griffith, 1995. .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .postImageUrl , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:hover , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:visited , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:active { border:0!important; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:active , .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u932801ec72588e0d948862707b84d7ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twenty Pounds of Candy EssayTransition: Now you have learned what bulimia is, the causes and the signs/side affects. Iwill explain some treatments for bulimia. V. Getting help for the bulimic. It is best if bulimia is treated early. If not longterm treatment may be necessary. Family and friends need to always give full support, tothe bulimic. A. Admission to hospital, just a short stay so that the health professional canassess the patients psychological or medical problems further and devise aprogram of treatment which is appropriate. The health professional will be thereto provide on going support. He will provide an environment in which the patientcan learn normal eating habits and can cease to use the potentially dangerousmethods of weight control (Abraham Llwellyn-Jones,120). The healthprofessioinal would give one on one treatment or group meetings. B. Another way to cure bulimia is with medications. The medications areantidepressant medicines. However in a one-year study, the use of antidepressantmedicines, the success rate was only 18%. Once medication is discontinued thepatient usually has a relapse. Nidus Information Services, Lycos.com,1996-2000C. A recovering bulimic should not take vacations or attend large social events. Because of the unfamiliar environment, it is common for their routine to start upagain. Friends and family should remember to always be supportive. ConclusionVI. SummaryOnce the behavioral symptoms of bulimia have been stopped or reduced, the goalsare for the sufferer to become independent and more confident with their weightand eating intake. It is very important for the bulimic to keep in mind that a cure ispossible, even through it may take a lot of time and hard work. Recovery is madewhen the bulimic can identify the cause of the behavior and can stop the behavior. Concluding DeviceNow you have a better understanding of bulimia the causes, signs/side affects andtreatment. Therefore if you or someone else has bulimia you now know how to betterunderstand the disorder. Also may even be able to help someone with bulimia stop theirproblem. BibliographyThe New York Times, by Zogby, published Friday July 7, 2000. Eating Habits and Disorders, by Rachel Epstein, New York, Philadelphia,Copyright 1990, pages 109. Web page, Yahoo.com, Fact Sheet: Bulimia Nervosa, New York PresbyterianHospital, Copyright 1996. Eating Disorders the Facts, by Suzanne Abraham and Derek Llwewllyn-Jones,United States, Copyright 1992. Web page, Yahoo.com, Bulimia Nervosa Thrive @ Health, Complete Guide toSymptoms, Illness and Surgery, By H. Winter Griffith, MD, United States, Copyright1995. Web page, Lycos.com., Nidus Information Services, New York, New York,Copyright 1996-2000.